research:dissertation:

 

POLICY AND CULTURE IN THE DIGITAL AGE: A CULTURAL POLICY ANALYSIS OF THE US COMMERCIAL RADIO INDUSTRY

 

abstract

This dissertation undertakes a critical cultural policy analysis of the 1996 Telecommunications Act and subsequent federal government policies, initiatives and mandates affecting the US commercial radio industry. The intellectual traditions of political economy of communication are employed to assess the consequences of historic telecommunications reform on the creation and availability of radio programming. The financial activity and programming practices of radio stations are compared across multiple radio markets, diversified by geographical region, ownership structure, size and musical format. The central analysis of these data sources spans six years, from January 1995 to December 2000. This dissertation puts forth two major findings: First, the US commercial radio industry experienced massive consolidation both locally and nationally, changing the manner by which radio is managed. Second, programming on independently owned or small group stations is significantly more diverse than programming on large, super group radio stations. Given these findings, this dissertation proposes several policy recommendations to foster cultural variety and to democratize citizen access to media.

 
table of contents (all pages in .pdf)

TITLE PAGES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, ABSTRACT, LIST OF TABLES

CHAPTER

1. INTRODUCTION

Purpose and Scope
Why Radio?
A Brief History of Broadcast Regulation
Telecommunications Reform as Cultural Policy
Critical Cultural Policy Studies

2. THEORY AND METHOD

Political Economy of Communication
Political Economy of Culture

3. STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN RADIO OWNERSHIP

Introduction

Description of Main and Supplemental Data Sources
Description of Sample
Description of Analysis Time Frame

National Changes in Radio Ownership, 1996-2000

Decline of Radio Ownership in Sample Population
Rise of Radio Station Super Groups
Increase of Super Group Market Presence
National Revenue Share

Local Changes in Radio Ownership, 1996-2000

Loss of Ownership at the Metro-Level
Concentration of Local Ownership
Super Groups at the Metro-Level
Metro-Level Revenue Share

Summary of Changes in Ownership

4. CONTENT CHANGES IN RADIO FORMATS AND PLAYLISTS

Introduction

Description of Main and Supplemental Data Sources
Radio Formats and the Record Industry

Format Analysis

Changes in Specific Format Variation
Changes in Format Category Variation
Packaged Content: Voice-Tracking and Radio Networks
Demographics, Ratings and Ad Revenue

Aggregate Playlist Analysis

Chart Overlap: Format Pairs
Chart Overlap: Format Trios

Individual Playlists Analysis

BDS Rock Format Data
Song Repetition
Uniqueness Factor

Summary of Changes to Content

5. CONCLUSION AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Major Findings
Radio and Music Today
Policy Recommendations

Federal Regulations
State/Local Regulations
LPFM and DAB
Legal Action
Business Strategies
Media Reform Movements
Noncapitalist Forms of Broadcasting

The Future of Telecommunications Reform

APPENDICES

A. MARKETS IN SAMPLE
B. STATIONS IN SAMPLE
C. LOSS OF OWNERSHIP, 1996-2000
D. INCREASE IN OWNERSHIP CONCENTRATION, 1996-2000
E. SMALL AND MIDSIZE MARKET OLIGOPOLIES, 2000
F. TOP REVENUE EARNERS PER MARKET, 2000
G. SPECIFIC FORMAT CHANGES BY MARKET
H. CHANGES IN LOCAL SPECIFIC FORMAT VARIATION
I. ARBITRON RADIO FORMAT DEMOGRAPHICS
J. LIST OF ROCK STATIONS MONITORED BY BDS

BIBLIOGRAPHY